Due to their sessile nature, plants are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic stress. Their growth and productivity are impacted by abiotic stresses such as nutrient shortage, heavy metal stress, heat stress, salinity stress, and drought stress. These abiotic stresses disrupt plant physiological and metabolic development, causing reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, osmolyte accumulation, and yield loss. Due to rapid climate change, the intensity of these abiotic stresses is rising, and appropriate action is needed.