Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, trauma-induced injuries, and osteochondral lesions may all be treated using bone tissue engineering (TE), which includes regenerative systems for articular cartilage, meniscal cartilage, ligament, and bone. In TE, human cells are seeded and attached to a scaffold in vitro. The scaffold creates a favorable microenvironment for the cells to multiply, migrate, and differentiate into a particular tissue type.